Article in the special issue
What Do We Know About Cyber Harassment Among Females? A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
- Virginia State University, USA
Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital communication has transformed harassment, creating new forms of victimization that disproportionately affect females. This study examines patterns of victimization, offender behaviour, and responses to cyber harassment among females. A systematic review and thematic synthesis were conducted to identify common themes across existing research. Eight articles published between 2020 and 2026 were included following a structured search and screening process using JSTOR, SAGE Journals, and Academic Search Complete. Four major themes emerged: gendered and normalized online harassment, psychological and emotional harm, victim vulnerability and targeting, and barriers to reporting and support. The findings indicate that cyber harassment is shaped by gender norms, social inequality, individual vulnerabilities, and online environments.
Keywords
How to cite (APA 7)
Allen, S., & Bolli, P. (2025). What Do We Know About Cyber Harassment Among Females? A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis. International Journal of Justice and Police Sciences, 1(2), 215–243. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22192866