Article
Global Pharmaceutical Black Market and Transnational Criminology: A Comparative Analysis of Legal and Crime Deterrence Strategies
- Army Law College, Pune, India
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical black market is an existing threat to public health, economic security, and transnational security through counterfeit and substandard drugs. The analysis applies a transnational criminology framework to evaluate potential legal frameworks and crime deterrence strategies in four jurisdictions (India, the US, the EU, and China). The paper examines these jurisdictions in terms of their variable regulatory frameworks and enforcement challenges. The analysis identifies three pillars for effective deterrence: technology, international cooperation, and public-private partnerships. Taken together, the comparative analyses show that transnational criminal organizations operating in the pharmaceutical crime sector can leverage regulatory variance, and this highlights the need for global standards, through bodies like the WHO and INTERPOL, to establish unified norms across jurisdictions. By integrating lessons learned from the comparative legal analysis, this paper has yielded concrete suggestions to make improvements to regulatory frameworks, particularly through employing technology and cross-border cooperation to build a transnational response to pharmaceutical crime.
Keywords
How to cite (APA 7)
Bhagat, K. (2025). Global Pharmaceutical Black Market and Transnational Criminology: A Comparative Analysis of Legal and Crime Deterrence Strategies. International Journal of Justice and Police Sciences, 1(1), 109–127. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15613162